Matemática no dia a dia: desvendando a matemática das chances- probabilidade de um gol de pênalti

Abstract

This End-of-Course Work (TCC) proposes a dynamic and contextualized Probability lesson plan for 1st-year high school students, using soccer—specifically the probability of a penalty kick goal—as its central theme. Starting from the premise that mathematics is often perceived as an abstract and challenging discipline, this study aims to demystify this view by integrating the teaching of mathematical concepts with a topic of great student interest. The lesson methodology is divided into three stages: an introduction with everyday examples and contextualization via a real news story about soccer penalties; a phase of practical experimentation on the field, where students simulate penalty kicks and collect data; and finally, a stage of data analysis and probability calculation in the classroom, culminating in the selection of penalty takers for an inter-class championship based on the gathered data. This proposal seeks to promote student protagonism, logical reasoning, and the ability to make data-driven decisions, demonstrating the applicability of mathematics in real-world situations and encouraging the use of active learning methodologies in the teaching-learning process.