Licenciatura em matemática no Brasil: compreendendo os fatores de evasão e permanência

Abstract

The present research aimed to analyze dissertations and articles discussing the phenomenon of student dropout and retention in Brazilian Federal Institutes and público universities, focusing on Degree Programs in Mathematics to highlight the most prevalent factors occurring in the field. The methodology we adopted is a literature review using papers from the CAPES Thesis and Dissertation Database and Google Scholar; a quantitative analysis of national academic works, which involved systematizing data into categories and tables; and the observation of the recurrence of the main dropout factors to highlight them and promote alternatives to minimize this educational issue. The justification was grounded in the intention to study the main dropout and retention factors to highlight them and foster alternatives to mitigate this educational problem. We addressed the following research question: "What are the main factors influencing dropout and retention in Mathematics Degree programs in Brazil, and how do these elements articulate to configure the phenomenon of student non-retention?". In the studies, we observed that balancing work and study is among the primary factors, as both tasks demand a heavy time commitment, leading to student burnout. Furthermore, factors such as deficient basic education and the devaluation of the teaching career also contribute to demotivation and dropout from the degree program. Regarding retention, we noticed that developing leveling courses, tutoring, and mentoring programs are highly beneficial throughout the undergraduate course, alongside affirmative action policies, student assistance and pedagogical and faculty support are important to foster a sense of belonging in the student. In summary, it is crucial to develop case studies and theories regarding these factors, as well as analyze them and devise ways to mitigate dropout nationwide with support from the government and educational institutions.