Análise espacial temporal do assoreamento em Rio de Contas no trecho do Município De Jequié-BA

Abstract

Rivers play a fundamental role in the development of civilizations. With urban growth, water bodies have been subject to major impacts, including siltation, which occurs due to the accumulation of sediments in riverbeds, aggravated by the removal of vegetation along the banks. This phenomenon, combined with high volumes of precipitation, can aggravate floods, as occurred in Jequié-BA, in 2022. This study aims to assess the impacts of sand extraction and other human activities on the stretch of the Contas River located in the municipality of Jequié-BA, seeking to identify patterns and trends over the years. For this, a mixed, qualitative and quantitative methodology was adopted, associating literature review with data from institutions such as INPE, ANA, IBGE and MapBiomas. Sketches were created using satellite images from the CBERS project, made available by INPE, covering the year 2016 and the period from 2019 to 2024. Analysis of these images revealed the presence of sandbanks along the entire stretch studied, in addition to a growing trend of deforestation. To mitigate silting and restore degraded soil, restoring riparian forests would be the most effective solution. However, due to urban consolidation on the riverbanks, where residential areas predominate, replanting vegetation becomes a challenge. In view of this, alternatives such as controlled dredging, carried out efficiently to remove sediment accumulated in the riverbed, environmental education actions, strengthening inspections — including the use of drones, considering the length of the stretch and the limited number of inspectors —, in addition to expanding the sewag