Estudo experimental da injeção com névoa de água em motores de ciclo diesel para mitigação das emissões de gases poluentes

Abstract

Vehicles have always had a major impact on society, causing changes in the evolution of urban mobility. However, the gases present in vehicle emissions have a major potential to impact the environment, especially those responsible for worsening the greenhouse effect, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Other gases emitted by vehicle engines include nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, which intensify acid rain. In addition, they cause respiratory problems and reduce heart function and vascular problems. This study analyzed the introduction of water mist into the combustion chamber of diesel engines to evaluate the potential for reducing emissions through an experiment. The research was conducted at the Thermal Machines Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Bahia, located on the Jequié campus, using a Buffalo 5.0 diesel cycle stationary engine, using S-500 diesel and S-10 diesel. The data were obtained using an OPTIMA 7 gas analyzer. Data analysis and processing were performed using Excel software, version 2408. The results indicate that water mist injection in diesel engines has the potential to reduce gas emissions by cooling the combustion chamber. For example, nitrogen oxide was reduced by 20.73% in the S-10 diesel at 1800 rpm, with a water proportion of 179.55%; in the S-500 diesel with the same settings, a reduction of 24.33% was obtained; and for the 2700 rpm, with a water proportion equivalent to 67.34%, the results show a reduction of 10.65% for the S-10 diesel and 25.16% for the S-500 diesel. This effect was achieved because water was used as a cooling fluid. In this way, gas formation was controlled, since they depend on high temperatures to be generated