Análise de áreas ambientalmente adequadas para implementação de um aterro sanitário de pequeno porte no município de Abaíra, Bahia

Abstract

The lack of adequate infrastructure for the final disposal of solid waste leads to improper disposal of these materials, resulting in environmental and public health impacts. This project addresses the issue of urban solid waste generation in Brazil, with a focus on the municipality of Abaíra, Bahia. The study aims to identify environmentally suitable areas for the installation of a small-scale landfill, with the goal of improving solid waste management. Additionally, technical, environmental, and legal criteria were used to assess the feasibility of these areas. The research included a literature review on environmental issues, solid waste, and relevant legislation in Brazil, along with a historical contextualization of waste management in Abaíra. For feasibility analysis, a combination of literature review, qualitative and quantitative research, including geoprocessing with QGIS software, was employed. Data collection included geographic information, spatial analysis, and the application of technical and socioeconomic criteria. Due to its small territorial extent and population, the municipality of Abaíra has suitable areas for a small-scale landfill. Geoprocessing, using QGIS, enabled a detailed analysis of the feasibility of these areas. Integration of spatial data and specific parameters facilitated the identification of appropriate sites, in accordance with ABNT standards. The results will be shared with the local government to inform waste management policies. Furthermore, the study may be beneficial for other municipalities seeking similar solutions.