Aplicabilidade de tijolos ecológicos para construções sustentáveis utilizando resíduos de isopor triturados e o pó de vidro

Abstract

Currently, due to intense environmental degradation, researchers are seeking to develop new techniques that allow the optimization of scarce resources, cost reduction and the use of products with less waste generation and low pollutant emissions. In the search to reduce the environmental impacts caused by civil construction, the idea of ​​sustainable construction arises and, one of the alternatives, would be the use of ecological bricks. Ecological brick, also known as soil-cement brick, incorporates all these premises, presenting itself as an alternative to mitigate housing shortages and this is due to its lower manufacturing cost and ease of execution, eliminating the need for manual labor. of highly qualified work. However, this study proposes the development of a non-conventional ecological brick, using glass and Styrofoam, which are industrial waste considered 100% recyclable in their composition.This study was primarily prepared through bibliographical research regarding the composition of glass and Styrofoam, in which its granulometric characteristics were in accordance with the standards ABNT NBR - 10832/2013, ABNT NBR -8491/2012 and ABNT NBR - 8492/2012 . The entire practical process was carried out in the reinforced concrete laboratory at the Federal Institute of Bahia IFBA, which had all the necessary material: mortar mixer, jar mill, hydraulic press, sieve shaker and precision scale. Some tests were carried out with CP Test Bodies made up of the 6 models created, with different traits, and these were subjected to compression resistance and water absorption tests. The water absorption test was subjected to submersion in water for 7 days, drying in an oven and weighing; The resistance of the CP was tested using a hydraulic press in which the result obtained was in the MPa measurement unit, and in this way it was possible to make comparisons with NBR 8492/2012. All the data obtained were tabulated to analyze the conclusion that among the proposed models, they all obtained results that were in line with the established standard, in particular model 2, with a 6:1 ratio, which obtained a much higher result in resistance and absorption. In relation to economic viability, the glass-styrofoam ecological brick had a unit value of R$ 0.88 and a thousand R$ 880.00, where it was also calculated to be able to be sold with a profit margin of 50% and 100% reaching the values ​​of R$ 1320.00 and R$ 1760.00 respectively. Compared to the price of conventional bricks in Vitória da Conquista Ba and the region, the glass-styrofoam brick, according to the price that was calculated, makes it competitive in the market with other bricks. For future projects, the proposal is to develop a glass-styrofoam brick with 6 holes and 8 holes, as they save material in their models. It is also important to carry out other tests on the ecological brick, such as thermal insulation and acoustic insulation.